Cysts
Understanding & Treating Skin Cysts
Cysts are common, fluid-filled sacs that form beneath the skin due to blocked glands, infections, or trapped keratin. While typically benign, some cysts can become inflamed, painful, or cosmetically bothersome, requiring medical evaluation and treatment.
What Are Skin Cysts?
Skin cysts develop when cells or debris become trapped beneath the skin, forming a lump that may contain fluid, pus, or keratin. Although most cysts are harmless, they can become red, swollen, or infected, leading to discomfort and potential scarring. Cysts can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the scalp, face, neck, back, and trunk.
Types of Skin Cysts
Epidermoid Cysts
Epidermoid cysts are slow-growing, firm lumps caused by keratin buildup within the skin. They are typically flesh-colored or yellowish, painless, and found on the face, neck, or trunk.
Sebaceous Cysts
Sebaceous cysts form when oil glands (sebaceous glands) become blocked, leading to fluid accumulation under the skin. These cysts are often found on the scalp, face, and upper body and may have a central opening.
Ganglion Cysts
Unlike other skin cysts, ganglion cysts develop near joints or tendons, commonly on the wrists and hands. These cysts are filled with gel-like fluid and can sometimes cause discomfort or restrict movement.
Pilonidal Cysts
Commonly occurring on the scalp, pilar cysts are firm, round, and filled with keratin. They often run in families and may grow in clusters.
Dermatologist-Recommended Cyst Prevention
While some cysts form due to genetics or hormonal changes, there are ways to minimize their occurrence and prevent complications.
Proper Skin Hygiene
Maintaining a consistent skincare routine can help prevent clogged pores and reduce oil buildup, which are common contributors to cyst formation.
- Wash your skin daily with a gentle cleanser to remove excess oil, dirt, and bacteria.
- Avoid using harsh exfoliants or products that can over-dry the skin, as this may lead to compensatory oil production.
- For acne-prone skin, using salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide-based products can help keep pores clear and reduce cyst formation.
Avoid Picking or Squeezing Cysts
Attempting to pop or drain a cyst at home can lead to infection, inflammation, and scarring.
- Squeezing a cyst can push bacteria deeper into the skin, increasing the risk of abscess formation or cellulitis.
- A ruptured cyst may heal improperly, leading to persistent swelling or a recurring cyst.
- Instead, apply a warm compress to encourage natural drainage and seek professional dermatologic care if the cyst enlarges or becomes painful.
Treat Underlying Skin Conditions
Certain skin conditions, such as acne or excessive oil production, can increase the likelihood of cyst formation.
- If you experience frequent cysts, a dermatologist may recommend oral or topical retinoids to regulate oil production and prevent clogged pores.
- Hormonal therapies, such as oral contraceptives or anti-androgen medications, can be helpful for patients experiencing hormonal cystic acne.
- Treating chronic skin irritation or scalp conditions can help reduce the development of pilar and sebaceous cysts.
Steroid Injections
For inflamed or painful cysts, corticosteroid injections can rapidly reduce swelling, redness, and discomfort. This non-invasive approach is particularly beneficial for cysts that are not yet infected but have become tender due to irritation.
- The procedure involves a small injection of a corticosteroid directly into the cyst, shrinking it over the course of a few days.
- It’s ideal for reducing inflammation quickly, especially before events or when surgical removal is not immediately necessary.
- While steroid injections can shrink a cyst, they do not remove the cyst sac, meaning there is a chance of recurrence.
Incision & Drainage
A quick in-office procedure where the cyst is lanced and drained, providing immediate relief from discomfort and pressure.
- The procedure involves making a small incision to remove fluid or keratin buildup from within the cyst.
- While incision and drainage relieve symptoms, they do not remove the entire cyst wall, meaning the cyst may reform over time.
- This treatment is best for infected or symptomatic cysts that require rapid relief.
Surgical Excision
For recurrent, large, or bothersome cysts, complete surgical removal ensures the entire cyst sac is extracted, reducing the chance of regrowth.
- A local anesthetic is used to numb the area before the cyst is carefully removed with minimal scarring.
- Surgical excision is the most effective way to prevent cyst recurrence since it removes the cyst lining completely.
- This method is commonly recommended for pilar cysts, sebaceous cysts, and epidermoid cysts that are persistent or cosmetically concerning.
FAQs
Are cysts dangerous?
Most cysts are benign and harmless, but if a cyst becomes painful, red, or changes in size, it should be evaluated by a dermatologist.
Can cysts go away on their own?
Some small cysts may shrink or disappear, but many remain under the skin and can grow larger over time.
Should I pop a cyst at home?
No! Squeezing a cyst can introduce bacteria, cause infection, or lead to scarring. Always have it treated professionally.
What happens if a cyst gets infected?
Infected cysts can become painful, swollen, and filled with pus. If this occurs, seek medical treatment immediately for drainage or antibiotics.
Can cysts come back after removal?
If a cyst is not fully removed, it can regrow. Surgical excision is the best method to prevent recurrence.
Are there ways to prevent cysts?
While some cysts are unavoidable, maintaining good skincare habits, treating acne, and avoiding picking at the skin can help reduce risk.
Do cysts leave scars after removal?
Minimal scarring can occur, but advanced dermatologic techniques minimize marks, and laser therapy can further improve skin appearance.
Still Have Questions?
Let’s Find the Right Treatment for You
If you have a cyst that’s bothersome, painful, or changing in appearance, schedule a consultation with our dermatology team today.
Dermatologists
Tessa Cervantes MD
Dermatologist
Dr. Cervantes specializes in comprehensive care for diverse skin types.
Tessa Cervantes MD
Dermatologist
Dr. Cervantes specializes in comprehensive care for diverse skin types.
Milton Moore MD
Dr. Moore is a seasoned dermatologist known for his innovative approach and dedication to excellence. With a focus on comprehensive skin health, he’s committed to delivering exceptional outcomes for every patient.
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