Nail Disorders
Healthy Nails Start with Expert Dermatologic Care
Nail disorders can affect the appearance, texture, and strength of fingernails and toenails. Whether due to fungal infections, trauma, autoimmune diseases, or underlying health conditions, changes in your nails may indicate a deeper medical issue. Dermatologists specialize in diagnosing and treating nail abnormalities to restore stronger, healthier nails.
What Are Nail Disorders?
Nails are a reflection of your overall health, and changes in color, shape, or thickness can signal infection, systemic disease, or structural damage. Nail disorders can cause pain, brittleness, discoloration, or even permanent nail loss if left untreated. Identifying the underlying cause of nail abnormalities is essential for proper treatment.
Types of Nail Disorders
Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis)
A common nail infection caused by fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments.
- Nails become thick, brittle, discolored (yellow, brown, or white), and may lift from the nail bed.
- More common in toenails than fingernails.
- May require antifungal medications or laser therapy for effective treatment.
Brittle Nails (Onychoschizia & Onychorrhexis)
Fragile nails that split, peel, or break easily due to dehydration, frequent exposure to water, or underlying vitamin deficiencies.
- Onychoschizia: Horizontal splits in the nail plate.
- Onychorrhexis: Vertical ridges and cracks.
- Strengthening treatments and nutritional support can help restore nail integrity.
Ingrown Nails (Onychocryptosis)
Occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes infection.
- Most common in big toenails due to improper nail trimming or tight footwear.
- May require surgical removal of part or all of the nail if infected.
Psoriatic Nails (Nail Psoriasis)
A condition linked to psoriasis, causing pitted, thickened, or discolored nails.
- Can lead to crumbling or separation from the nail bed (onycholysis).
- May accompany joint pain in psoriatic arthritis.
- Often treated with topical steroids, systemic medications, or light therapy.
Dermatologist-Recommended Nail Care & Prevention
Proper nail care helps prevent infections, breakage, and chronic nail disorders.
Keep Nails Clean & Dry
Excess moisture creates a breeding ground for fungi and bacteria.
- Wash hands and feet regularly and dry thoroughly, especially between toes.
- Wear moisture-wicking socks and change them daily.
- Use antifungal sprays or powders if prone to infections.
Trim & Shape Nails Correctly
Improper trimming can lead to ingrown nails, breakage, or nail damage.
- Cut nails straight across and file sharp edges with a fine-grit file.
- Avoid cutting nails too short, which can increase the risk of infection.
- Use clean, disinfected nail tools to prevent bacteria transfer.
Protect Nails from Trauma & Harsh Chemicals
Nail damage weakens the nail bed and increases the risk of infections.
- Wear gloves when cleaning, washing dishes, or using harsh chemicals.
- Avoid biting nails or picking at cuticles, which can introduce bacteria.
- Moisturize nails and cuticles daily with nail oil or vitamin E.
Antifungal Medications
For fungal infections, treatment may include:
- Oral antifungal medications (Terbinafine, Itraconazole) to target deep infections.
- Topical antifungals (Ciclopirox, Efinaconazole) for mild cases.
Nail Surgery for Severe Cases
For ingrown or thickened nails, surgical options may be necessary:
- Partial nail avulsion: Removal of the affected nail edge.
- Complete nail removal (matrixectomy) for chronic, severe conditions.
- Drainage & antibiotics for infected ingrown nails.
Steroid & Immunotherapy for Nail Psoriasis
For psoriatic nails, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing deformity.
- Topical corticosteroids to slow nail thickening.
- Biologic medications (for psoriatic arthritis-related nail issues).
- Phototherapy (UV light therapy) to help restore healthy nail growth.
Nutritional Supplements & Nail Strengthening Treatments
For brittle or peeling nails, strengthening therapies include:
- Iron, zinc, and omega-3s for overall nail health.
- Prescription nail hardeners for weak, fragile nails.
- Inner Glow Advanced Hair, Skin, & Nails Supplements (sold in clinic)
FAQs
Are nail disorders a sign of a serious health problem?
Some nail changes can indicate underlying health conditions, including thyroid disease, iron deficiency, or autoimmune disorders.
Can nail fungus go away on its own?
No, fungal infections require treatment and can worsen over time if left untreated
What causes ridges in nails?
Vertical ridges are normal with aging, but deep horizontal ridges (Beau’s lines) can signal illness or trauma.
How can I stop my nails from peeling?
Keep nails moisturized, avoid excessive water exposure, and use biotin supplements for strength.
Are salon manicures safe for nail health?
Frequent gel or acrylic manicures can weaken nails, leading to brittleness and infections. Give nails a break between treatments.
Can I treat nail fungus with home remedies?
While some natural remedies like tea tree oil may help, prescription antifungal treatments are more effective
Why do my nails turn yellow?
Nail discoloration can be caused by fungal infections, smoking, or certain nail polishes. Persistent yellowing should be evaluated by a dermatologist
How can I prevent ingrown toenails?
Trim nails straight across, avoid tight shoes, and soak feet if discomfort begins
When should I see a dermatologist for nail problems?
If you notice persistent discoloration, changes in nail shape, pain, or recurrent infections, a dermatologist can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Still Have Questions?
Restore Nail Health with Expert Dermatologic Care
If you’re struggling with nail infections, breakage, or abnormal nail changes, our dermatology team offers advanced treatments to improve nail strength and health.
Dermatologists
Tessa Cervantes MD
Dermatologist
Dr. Cervantes specializes in comprehensive care for diverse skin types.
Tessa Cervantes MD
Dermatologist
Dr. Cervantes specializes in comprehensive care for diverse skin types.
Milton Moore MD
Dr. Moore is a seasoned dermatologist known for his innovative approach and dedication to excellence. With a focus on comprehensive skin health, he’s committed to delivering exceptional outcomes for every patient.
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